Characters.get('e', 0) tells python to search for The main element 'e' inside the dictionary. If it's not identified it returns 0. Since This is often the first time 'e' is passed through the loop, the character 'e' just isn't located in the dictionary however, Hence the get system returns 0. https://getmarijuanainbath41739.ja-blog.com/37304621/the-best-side-of-get-marijuana-in-bath