Demographic traits in western Europe facilitated this “colonization.” The settlers—certain of private flexibility, fastened rents, and several measure of self-administration and functioning beneath the so-referred to as German Regulation—Started new villages and cities or reorganized old kinds. Cities obtained formal charters (Wrocław in 1242, Poznań in 1253, Kraków in 1257) https://polawedee.tumblr.com/